Cataract surgery is a common and effective procedure to treat cataracts, a condition where the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, impairing vision. The surgery involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with a clear artificial lens, known as an intraocular lens (IOL). This procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis, using local anesthesia. The surgeon makes a small incision in the eye, removes the cataract, and implants the IOL. Most patients experience a significant improvement in vision shortly after the surgery.